Update on the Role of Immunotherapy in the Management of Kidney Cancer.

Approximately 31,000 new cases of renal cell cancer are diagnosed annually in the United States, and the disease is responsible for an estimated 12,000 deaths each year.[1] One third of the patients present with metastatic disease and 30% to 40% of the remainder will eventually develop distal metastases.[2] The median survival of patients with metastases is only eight months, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%.[3]